As the name implies, microtunneling is a digging technique used to construct small tunnels. These small diameter tunnels make it impossible to have an operator in the machine itself. Therefore, the microtunnel boring machine (MTBM) must be operated remotely.

Microtunnel boring machines are very similar to tunnel boring machines (TBM) but on a smaller scale. Usually the operator controls the machine from a control room on the surface of the ground. The operator is given constant feedback about the machine's location, orientation and hydraulic devices via a computer console.

Most machines also have video cameras set up to give the operator more information. The operator can then control the MTBM and the jacking frame from the safety of the control room.